Fact 1 - The law that re-established the gold standard requiring to supply all new liabilities with 100 percent gold reserves known as Caja de Conversion, conduit for uncovered paper money has passed in 1899 in Argentina while the entire system started working in 1902.

This currency began very fast development and starting from 1913 started its expansion throughout the world. Such regions as Africa, Oceania, the Middle East, the Caribbean and East Asia have created the currency boards while Argentina and South America had it.

The fears of Argentina government of a possibility for gold leakage to the countries having the gold standard suspended forced it to hold the system up as soon as at the beginning of the First World War. The currency board re-establishment in 1927 to 1929 and its following suspending in 192 caused the collapse of the investments to Argentia from abroad due to the stock market crash all over the world. The necessity of the system withholding seems uncertain by Hanke of 1995 as far as the Caja's and commercial banks' gold supplies were rather high.

The monetary authorities suffer pressure of currency boards like of the classical gold standard. Still the monetary authorities traverse among these pressures. The authorities seem to maneuver following the limitations of the board-like system of the currency of Argentina taking into consideration its latest processes. The monetary authorities made lots of attempts to establish the system of absolutely fixed rates, Argentina's rule-bound, but they were unsuccessful due to the annoying pressured described above.

Fact 2 - Argentina have created a currency broad system that was toughly tied with the dollar at the parity one-for-one. Argentinean government has relied on this system thinking that it would preserve its economy from any negative affection caused by a Mexican crisis. Practically they made sure that the crises offered by the canonical crisis model had no effect on Argentina. Another hope was that if there were not any trade relationships with Mexico then no harmful processes can spread. Though the currency has suffered a number of speculative attacks aimed at the unemployment rate reduction in Argentina as a consequence of the currency board disappearing.

Fact 3 - Before the July/August of 2001 the economy of Argentina used to be in periodical crises within 20-30 years. As much as eight plans of economy stabilization and a number of various reforms were held these years to defeat the hyperinflation and make the currency stable. The "dollarization" of the economy took place in Argentina by the late 1980s because of failure of any economy stabilization efforts. The Argentineans started losing any confidence in their national currency that caused transactions conversion into dollars. The prospective of the U.S. dollar losing its worthiness threatens to the American people either.

Fact 4 - The artificially supported exchange rate regimes, Asian ones particularly, have gained the momentum and preceded the 2002 currency crisis in Argentina. After the crisis in that region in 1997 the countries started a research aimed to find out whether any external measures can prevent such crisis repetition. The regional liquidity increase was the first attempt of the developing institution to make such kind of precautions and the further ones were aimed at the greater monetary policy. The currency board regime was set up in Argentina on the April 1, 1991 to exist until January 6, 2002 . This regime has created one for one artificial attachment of the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar. According to Hanke and Schuler, 2002, this regime has not been an adequate currency board. There are three main criteria: the anchor currency must have a fixed exchange rate defined by the board; it must be entirely convertible that means that the anchor currency should be exchanged into or out of any currencies freely; the currency board must have a strong supplies with the stable assets, a foreign currency for instance.

Fact 1 - At the time when New Zealand dollar had a similar rate to the Australian dollar in 1980s it was suggested that the Australian currency should be an 'Australis' and it was further defined as an 'ANZAC dollar'. When it was eliminated by the Australian treasurer the Australian dollar was thought to be adopted or the value of the New Zealand dollar attachment to the Australian.

The currency union can establish a fixed currency rate rather than the present situation of rates fluctuation. The sense of this situation is that the currency value gets fixed with respect to some measure instead of the actual currency confirmation like the currencies rates attachment to the price of gold.

Fact 2 - The Commonwealth of Australia that includes Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, Norfolk Island, the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu has the AUD (Australian dollar) as its official currency, marked with the dollar sign $, since 14 February, 1966. There are a number of abbreviations, such as A$, $A, $AU, AU$, used to differentiate the Australian dollar from other countries operating dollar. "Aussie battler" is its another name. This currency had a different name, the "Pacific Peso" at the short period from 2001 to 2002. One Australian dollar contains 100 cents.

The Australian dollar has the fifth position at the priority of traded currencies in forex. It goes after the U.S. dollar, the euro, the yen, and the Pound sterling. The Australian dollar holds from 4% to 5% of the transactions around the world. The economy stability and the absence of a severe governmental regulation of the AUD makes it appealing for currency traders.

Fact 3 - The monetary policy of Australia is established by RBA (The Reserve Bank of Australia). It has three key objectives:

(a) the Australian currency stability;

(b) full employment support within the country;

(c) the wellbeing of the economy and the prosperity of the Australians.

Fact 4 - The AUD$ correlates with the prices for gold and commodities by 80%. It happens because Australia has the third place in gold production in the world and its gold export makes up $5 billion annually. This causes the AUD$ dependence on the commodity prices: the Australian dollar rises when they go up and declines when they get lower.

Fact 5 - The British-established colonies have widely used lots of currency forms. The Bank of New South Wales has issued first notes in Australia in 1816. The Australian Notes Act (1910) gave birth to the First Australian notes in 1913. The British system of twenty shillings to a pound and twelve pence to a shilling has served an example. The decision of decimal currency adoption was taken in 1963 by the Australian government and the currency named "Dollar" was accepted on February 14, 1966.

Nowadays, the Australian bank notes are made of plastic. Australia was the first country that started using this technology and it is proud of this fact a lot.

There are the 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollar notes in Australia. Moreover it also has the coins of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents as well as the ones of one and two dollars.

The Brazil currency, the Real (BRL), exists since 1500 when the Portuguese first introduced it. Though, the Dutch were the first to print the official currency of Brazil in 1954 after the Brazilian Northeastern part occupation. Real has been an official Brazilian currency from 1690 till 1942 when it was replaced by Cruzeiro currency with the rate 1 cruzeiro = 1000 reis.

All the notes are similar in dimension and are differentiated with the help of colors:

R$1 - Green

R$2 - Blue and gray

R$5 - Violet

R$10 - Crimson

R$20 - Yellow and orange

R$100 - Blue

Re-establishment of the real took place on July 1, 1994. The ISO 4217 regulation gives the 986 numeric code to the Brazilian real, that has replaced a temporary currency "cruzeiro", and its currency code is BRL. "Reais" is plural for real. Each real is divided into 100 "centavos" ("centavo" in singular) The notes are of the same shape but of the different colors to facilitate the differentiation of nominal: Green is used for R$1, blue and grey - for R$2, violet for R$5, crimson - for R$10, yellow and orange - for R$20 and blue for R$100.

The circulation of R1$ banknote continues whether its production has been cut off. Another version of R$10 note, polymer and more complicated, was launched in production and circulation lately.

There are two families of coins representing the currency smaller values: first was issued in 1994 and made of stainless steel and the second, representing different denominations with different colors - in 1998.

The modern real contains 100 centavos. There are 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 denominations of notes and the coins of 1.00 real; 50, 25, 10, 5 centavos as well as 1 centavo. The US dollars are easily exchanged easily within the country that's why it's best to take dollar to Brazil. American Express travellers' cheques have broad accepting in Brazil as well as Visa (mostly), MasterCard and American Express credit cards. It is easy to withdraw the currency with lots of ATMs as well as use the PLUS network for your card. Still you should find out whether your cards will be of use by consulting to bank before you leave.